Using a substrate with curvature to induce strain in two-dimensional materials is a common strategy for regulating   the performance of traditional layered materials. However, the size of two-dimensional materials is often at the millimeter level, and introducing stress in materials smaller than 2 nm is very challenging due to substrate size mismatch and material transfer difficulties. In addition, molecular catalysts such as cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction (CO2RR) mostly produce two electron products CO, while multi electron products such as methanol (MeOH) are rarely reported. The differences in CO2RR selectivity and kinetics of CoPc molecules in a large number of literature make it extremely difficult to clarify the ability of CoPc to generate other multi electron products in addition to CO products.

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